The five big traits
The Five-Factor Model, developed by researchers such as Robert McCrae and Paul Costa, groups personality into openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism (emotional sensitivity), often remembered by the acronym OCEAN. These traits are fairly stable throughout life and predict aspects such as academic performance, health and relationships.
This is a short version inspired by brief questionnaires such as the TIPI (Gosling and colleagues, 2003), so it gives an approximate picture. Look at all your bars: personality is the combination of the five, not just the highest.